Every day, the people of our planet throw thousands of tons of unnecessary material. This mixture, consisting mainly of a variety of chlams, contains valuable metals, glass containers suitable for further use, and macculature, plastics and food waste. In addition, the mixture contains more hazardous waste: mercury from batteries, phosphoro-carbonates from fluorescent lamps and toxic chemicals from domestic solvents, paints and wooden coatings. The increasing number of waste and the lack of reprocessing facilities are common to many cities. Municipal authorities everywhere are trying to find a better way to dispose of the waste of their citizens. This problem is particularly acute in industrialized countries because the state of the environment prevents the use of traditional dumping sites. More and more garbage is coming out. For long distances to discharge sanitary areas, where it is sorted to extract valuable materials for further processing and is burned in special furnaces for energy.

The problem of waste management is exacerbated mainly by the fact that most of the products of popular consumption are doomed to short-term service to a person. They are bought, consumed and abandoned without due regard for their residual value. It affects the amount of energy and the cost of re-establishing the environment with such consumption patterns. D. Maurice, a member of the Washington Institute of Local Self-Government and Self-Reliance, has shown that: "The size of San Francisco has a large number of aluminium, such as a small boxing mine, copper as an average copper copy, and a large amount of paper that could be obtained from a large number of woods. San Francisco is a mine. The only question is how to better develop it to maximize the impact of the collected materials."

Waste can be classified by origin: household, industrial, agricultural, etc. and by nature. The most commonly known division of characteristics in most countries ' legislation is the division into dangerous (i.e. toxic, gentle, flammable and other) and non-hazardous waste.

Municipal waste in question has different origins (which is why the term " municipal waste " is preferable to the term " household waste " : the first, other than public waste, also includes wastes produced by restaurants, traders, institutions, municipal services) and various properties: some municipal waste, such as hazardous waste, but it combines that the municipal waste is responsible for its disposal. I will characterize the main types of household debris.

Food waste

Nature damage: practically not inflicted. Used to feed different organisms.

Harmful: rotting food waste is a microbe landing.

Decomposition paths: used in food by different microorganisms.

End degradation product: organisms, carbon dioxide and water.

Decomposition time: 1 to 2 weeks.

Secondary use: composting.

The least dangerous way to deactivate: composting.

It is categorically prohibited to throw into the fire because dioxides may be formed.

Maculature

Material: paper, sometimes smelted in wax and covered with different paints.

Damage to nature: no damage to the paper itself. However, the paint that is covered by the paper can provide poisonous gases.

Harm: paint can be provided when degrading toxic substances.

Final decomposition product: overburden, bodies of different organisms, carbon dioxide and water.

Decomposition time: 2-3 years.

Method of secondary use: Processing on paper.

Products generated by decontamination: carbon dioxide, water, ash.

It is categorically prohibited to burn paper in the presence of food products, as dioxides may be formed.

Label fabric

The tissues are synthetic and natural. Everything written below refers to natural tissues.

Nature damage: not caused.

Decomposition paths: used in some microorganisms.

Final decomposition product: bulk, organisms, carbon dioxide and water.

The least dangerous way to deactivate is by incineration in conditions that ensure complete combustion.

Products produced by decontamination: carbon dioxide, water and ash.

Conservative banks

Material: zincane or coated iron.

Nature damage: zinc, tin and iron compounds for many organisms. The sharp edges of the bath are traumatizing animals.

Harmful to man: wounded by a bean. The banks are flooded with water that develops larvae insects.

Decomposition paths: under oxygen, iron is slightly oxidized.

Final decomposition product: small pieces of rusty or soluble salts of iron.

Decomposition time: a few decades on earth, fresh water about 10 years, salt water 1-2 years.

Secondary use: Melting with Metal.

The most dangerous way of defusing is to bury after pre-burning.

Products produced by deactivating: oxides or soluble salts of iron, zinc and tin.

Metallic

Material: iron or iron.

Nature damage: iron compounds for many organisms. A bunch of metals hurt animals.

Harm: causing various injuries.

Decomposition paths: under water dissolved or airborne oxygen is slowly oxidized to iron oxide.

Final decomposition product: rusty powder or soluble salts of iron.

Decomposition speed: 1 mm deep in 10 to 20 years, fresh water 1 mm deep in 3 to 5 years, salt water 1 mm deep in 1 to 2 years.

Secondary use: Floating.

The least dangerous way of defusing is through dumping or dumping.

Products produced by defusing: Oxides or soluble salts of iron.

Volga

Material: aluminium.

Damage to nature: practically not.

Decomposition paths: under oxygen, slowly oxidize to aluminium oxide.

End degradation product: oxide or aluminium salt.

Decomposition time: on the ground for a few decades, in fresh water for several years, in salt water for 1-2 years.

The least dangerous way to deactivate is burial.

Products formed during disposal: aluminium oxide.

Beer banks and other drinks

Material: aluminium and alloys.

Nature damage: The sharp edges of the bath cause animal injuries.

Damage to humans: banks are flooded with water in which larvae insects develop.

Decomposition time: hundreds of years on earth, in fresh water for decades, in salt water for several years.

Glass

Material: glass.

Nature damage: A broken glass may cause animal injuries.

Harm: A broken glass may cause injury. The banks are flooded with water that develops larvae insects.

Decomposition paths: slowly scattered and deteriorated from temperature overturns; the glass is gradually crystallized and decayed.

Final decomposition product: small glass powder, by the looks of sand.

Decomposition time: on the ground for hundreds of years, in quiet water for about 100 years.

Secondary use: direct use or melting.

Products formed during decontamination: glass powder.

Plastics

Damage to nature: prevents gas exchange in soils and waters. They may be swallowed by animals, which will lead to the death of the latter.

Harm: plastics may be provided when degrading toxic substances.

Decomposition paths: slowly oxidized air. Slowly destroyed by sunlight.

Final decomposition product: carbon dioxide and water.

Decomposition time: about 100 years, maybe more.

Products produced by decontamination: carbon dioxide and water.

Food package

Material: paper and various types of plastics.

Nature damage: may be swallowed by animals.

Decomposition time: tens of years, maybe more.

Method of secondary use: no.

Products from disposal: carbon dioxide and water, hydrochloride, poisonous compounds.

It is categorically prohibited to incinerate these materials because dioxides may be formed.

Bataraki

Very poisonous trash!

Material: zinc, coal, manganese oxide.

Nature damage: poisons for many organisms.

Harm: poisons for man.

Decomposition paths: oxidized under oxygen.

End degradation product: zinc salts and manganese.

Decomposition time: about 10 years on the ground, in calm water for several years, in salt water for about a year.

Secondary use: zinc can be used in a school laboratory for hydrogen production, manganese oxide for chlorine.